Finally, the authorĮxamines the possibility of applying the protection regime according to the UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Thereafter the paper explores with some detail the international legal mechanisms as provided for by the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. The analysis commences with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea which only partially regulated the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. In the first part the paper analyses the rules of international law applicable to the protection and preservation of cultural objects in the International Seabed Area. In connection therewith the author also specifically considers issues regarding the protection of RMS Titanic’s wreck, as a cultural heritage site significant to the whole of humankind. The paper aims to demonstrate that contemporary international law has solutions to offer when it comes to protecting the cultural heritage in maritime areas beyond national jurisdiction, i.e. Therefore, the traces left on the Moon as well as others which are in other celestial bodies or even in the space, can be considered evidence of extended phenotype of Homo sapiens and the “Anthropocene” beyond the Earth. These artefacts can be included within the technosphere and can also be thought to be phenotypic expressions of human genes. The evolution of human technical artefacts has been used to help characterise the onset of the “Anthropocene”. Finally, cultural similarities have been identified between the traces left by humans on the Moon and comparable expeditions of humankind, such as Antarctica and the North Pole. Moreover, physical and mechanical properties allow comparison with processes leading to the formation of traces in volcanic ash deposits with those acting on the soil and regolith of the Moon. First of all, traces on the Moon surface are subjected to very slow sedimentation rates, similar to what occurs in abyssal bottoms or caves, among other environments. Although the lunar environment is very different from that of the Earth due to the absence of atmosphere, magnetic field, water, organic material and life, it is possible to propose three ichnological analogies between the Earth and its satellite. bootprints, drill holes) but not traces made by individuals with parts of their bodies. Lunar Module, flag, religious text) and traces of technical artefacts (comprised in the new category technotraces, e.g. The Moon ichnology, which arises from the development of hominid ichnology, includes technical artefacts (called technofossils, e.g. In this context, the ichnology of the Moon allows both analysis of the traces left on the lunar surface themselves and discussion of the aim and scopes of ichnology. For some researchers, ichnology only studies the traces made by one or several individuals with their own bodies, but other authors advocate that artefacts as well as traces made by these artefacts are also traces. Nevertheless, there is also other evidence of human activities on the Moon, such as rover trails, drill holes, vehicles, and rubbish. Maybe, the most iconic image of these campaigns is the bootprint left and photographed by the astronaut Edwin Aldrin. To date, more than fifty manned and unmanned lunar missions have taken place. Humankind began with extra-planetary expeditions in the 1960s. Finally, the article discusses the need for general legislation to protect the Titanic and other underwater cultural heritage from looting and unwanted salvage. (RMST/PE) from selling individual artifacts and instead require that RMST/PE keep the collection of artifacts salvaged from the Titanic together as an intact collection for the public benefit. court sitting in admiralty that prohibit the exclusive salvors in possession of the Titanic, RMS Titanic, Inc. This article also discusses the implications of the application of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the rather unique development under the law of salvage through orders of the U.S. This article summarizes some of the legal implications of the 100th anniversary of its sinking, as the Titanic becomes subject to the provisions of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. The RMS Titanic struck an iceberg and sank 14–15 April 1912.
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